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Class 4 is 6% of profits between £12,570 and £50,270 and 2% above. Class 2 has not been payable since April 2024, yet it still decides whether your year counts for the State Pension. Worked examples, State Pension age and what is only announced.

A full year of voluntary Class 3 costs £956.80 in 2026/27, less for 2024/25 and 2025/26 if you pay by 5 April 2027, and adds at most £6.89 a week to your new State Pension. The payback time for each year, the 9-to-10-year jump, and when paying adds nothing.

The formula for England, Wales and Scotland, one step at a time: the income the CMS uses, the five rates, other children, several receiving parents, shared care nights, monthly conversion and Collect and Pay fees, with worked examples.

When a gift leaves Inheritance Tax, what taper relief really reduces, why gifts use the £325,000 nil-rate band before the estate, and who pays. With a date-by-date table and worked examples.

2026/27 thresholds for Plan 1, 2, 4 (Scotland), 5 and the Postgraduate Loan, why Wales never gets Plan 5, how repaying two loans at once really works, and voluntary early repayment.

Buy the same house in Leeds, Edinburgh or Cardiff and you pay three completely different property taxes. How SDLT, LBTT and LTT compare on rates, first-time buyer relief (Wales has none), the second-home surcharge, and why they're not as similar as they look.

Corporation Tax, National Insurance and the £500 dividend allowance: the 2026/27 arithmetic behind the low-salary-plus-dividends strategy.

What £250 a month really becomes over 20 years, why AER matters more than the headline rate, and how charges quietly eat an ISA.

Fixed costs, contribution margin, VAT thresholds and turnover targets — how UK businesses work out exactly what they need to sell.

Calculate your UK take-home pay from your gross salary instantly. Income Tax, National Insurance & student loan included. Free UK salary calculator on Kalkulo.

Calculate your UK mortgage repayments in seconds. Enter loan amount, term and interest rate to see your full repayment breakdown. Free UK mortgage calculator on Kalkulo.

Calculate your BMI instantly using NHS guidelines. Enter your weight in stones or kg and your height in feet or cm. Free UK BMI calculator on Kalkulo.

How to calculate UK VAT in 2026: standard 20% rate, reduced 5%, zero-rated goods, HMRC rules, worked examples and a free VAT calculator.